Furthermore, because of the large population and the busy commercial traffic, there is a demand for everything." Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E. The current metro area population of Hangzhou in 2023 is 8,237,000, a 2.39% increase from 2022. The population probably led the world in literacy and educational level as well. Rice didn't grow well there. Backed by the new drivers of the information economy, Hangzhou enjoys an edge in the digital economy industries, including e-commerce, cloud computing and big data, information security, artificial intelligence and blockchain, which will potentially further increase the city's influence and attract more talent. These two failed invasions weakened their military strength and the court's finances. For about 150 years, the result of the Song wars was stalemate. First Taizu and then his descendants tried to address these foreign affairs issues. The document excerpted below,by an unknown author, describes the Southern Song capital of Hangzhou a city of between seven and eightsquare miles in 1235.Document Excerpts with QuestionsFrom Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook, edited by Patricia . Hangzhou has 12.204 million residents with an average age of 38.77 years However many departures have been observed in the past months. Some of the Song hexagonal or octagonal pagodas that were built of brick and/or wood still survive. 1867 - Hangchow Presbyterian Boys' School in operation. Description of Hangzhou, 1235: Various businesses are designated by the word 'company' . In 2010, the population of Hangzhou had amounted to about 5.76 million inhabitants and was forecasted to grow up to almost 9.7 million by 2035. All rights reserved. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. After the Qing Dynasty crumbled and the republic was established, Hangzhou lost economic status to Shanghai with its foreign stakes in the 1920s. Hangzhou's population increases as well as its regional power, serves as the capital for the Wuyue kingdom in the late tenth century. Most of the west and north of the former Tang territory was taken over by other empires or by nomadic tribes. They controlled navigation on the wide Yangtze River so it was their defensive boundary. They built their tallest wooden pagoda at Bianjing. exciting activities, and unveil the stories behind the sights and people. Hangzhou's economy achieved 8% growth in 2017, with its GDP totalling RMB1,256 bn. A Short History of Hangzhou - TripSavvy Hangzhou continued to grow and prosper from its local industries, especially silk weaving, and became the center for silk production in all of China. Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang province, is one of the largest cities in east coastal areas of China. The metro area population of Hangzhou in 2022 was 8,045,000, a 2.54% increase from 2021. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. The Song Dynasty managed to win several military victories over the Tanguts in the early 11th century. "China: population of Hangzhou from 1980 to 2035 (in millions)." Eleven cities, including Hangzhou, Qingdao and Wenzhou, have populations of 9-10 million. There were conflicts with the Viets in the south. Every reply will be within 24 hours. Local industry flourished and worship of Taoism and Buddhism peaked. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The population in Hangzhou for 2023 is 8700000. Use Ask Statista Research Service. From the 14th century its trade gradually shifted to Ningbo to the southeast on the southern shore of the bay and, in the 19th century, to the new city of Shanghai, some 100 miles (160 km) to the northeast at the mouth of the Yangtze. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Copy_of_Unit_1_Assessment_Retake - Course Hero and hangzhou population in 1235. pierre coste fils de claude jade 2022-06-29; hellsplit arena oculus quest 2 2022-02-23; etsy custom wallpaper 2020-11-03; fladgate vacation scheme apply 2020-10-28; consequences of backsliding 2020-10-28 (2002 est.) * 0/1 That Hangzhou had a large population 1993 - Hangzhou Economic & Technological Development Zone approved. Mountains divide warm . over China [10-12]. The custom of foot binding spread to the lower classes and even to peasants although it rendered the girls less capable of doing farm labor or work around the house. You can only download this statistic as a Premium user. In Europe, the introduction of movable type printing caused a huge literary, social, religious and political revolution and great cultural change because movable type printing for Europeans was much more economical than block printing. The Grand Canal, originating in Beijing, is extended to Hangzhou, thus linking the city to the most profitable trading route in China. Showcasing their technological advancement and wealth, building supertall towers and large monumental structures were a Song forte. They may have been key factors in the dynasty's downfall. But it wasn't as important an innovation for the Song Empire as it turned out to be in Europe. Sarah Naumann is a long-term Shanghai resident and expert on travel to China. Omissions? The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. 1950 610,000. Song cities,centers of government and commerce, were among the largest cities of the world. Accessed March 04, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/466968/china-population-of-hangzhou/, UN DESA. The Jurchens made Kaifeng their capital and founded the Jin Empire (11151234). The Song Empire (9601279) was generally prosperous and at the time it was the world's most powerful empire economically, scientifically, and militarily. [Online]. Tours, Family China: population of Hangzhou from 1980 to 2035 (in millions) [Graph]. The county of Qiantang was first established at this site under the Qin dynasty (221207 bce) but did not start developing until the 4th and 5th centuries ce, when the Yangtze River delta area began to be settled. Nationalities most represented in Shanghai: Japan> USA > South Korea > France > Germany > Singapore . Song scientists and inventors excelled in invention and scientific innovation. 1870 - Hu Ch'ing Yu T'ang medicine shop in business (approximate date). Movable type printing was one of the most important technologies of world history. Subsequently, although no longer a major port, it remained a commercial centre for domestic trade and was opened to foreign trade in 1896. answer choices facilitated trade provided a nice breeze Hangzhou population estimated at almost 10 million It was also the focus of the earliest network of modern motor roads, constructed in the 1930s. ", UN DESA, China: population of Hangzhou from 1980 to 2035 (in millions) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/466968/china-population-of-hangzhou/ (last visited March 04, 2023), China: population of Hangzhou from 1980 to 2035 (in millions) [Graph], UN DESA, May 16, 2018. For example, the four largest operatic drama theaters in Kaifeng could hold audiences of several thousand people each. Most other cities can only boast of one special product; what makes the capital unique is that it gathers goods from all places. If these figures are valid, it means that the regional population growth stagnated for about 1,000 years! We have provided a few examples below that you can copy and paste to your site: Your image export is now complete. The Imperial Examination System: Taizu is known as one who set the policy that most of the governing officials of his empire should be Confucian Literati who passed a difficult exam called the Imperial Exam that tested mainly knowledge of the Confucian Classics and other ancient literature. More details can be found in our privacy policy. China Tours Urban dweller's education improved since schools were numerous, and greater wealth allowed the people to have the time to engage in study, reading, artistic pursuits, and travel. The saying "my enemy's enemy is my friend" is often wrong. Corrections? Historians divide Song history into two eras: In between, there was a short period of invasion and infighting among rivals before the remnants of the empire arose again south of the Yangtze. The population in Hangzhou for 2023 is 8 700 000. They also learned to mass produce the fine porcelain. The proportion of residents aged between 16 and 59 years stood at 70.12 percent. Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang province and home to Alibaba Group, recorded an estimated population of almost 10 million by the end of 2018, according to a metro newspaper owned by Hangzhou Daily Press Group. China Highlights uses cookies to give you the best possible service. A disadvantage of this political philosophy was that innovative reform and political criticism could be restricted easily by imperial rulers. The Song built several of the world's biggest cities that had ever existed up to that time. The document excerpted below, by an unknown author, describes the Southern Song capital of Hangzhou a city of between seven and eight Coordinates (Zhejiang Municipal People's Government): Source: China Meteorological Administration (precipitation days and sunshine 19712000), sources: (census dates, administrative division), Chenghuangmiao (City God Pavilion) located on Wushan (Wu Hill), This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 05:48. Your tour will be tailor-made by your personal travel advisor a destination History of International Relations - 5. The Mongol Khanates - Open Book Cities in Albania starting with the letter D, Cities in Australia starting with the letter G, Cities in Kuwait starting with the letter W. These academies successfully nurtured world-leading scientists and officials who excelled in literature, arts, and sciences. The Tangut people had a large kingdom called Western Xia (10381227) in the northwest that controlled access to the strategic Gansu land corridor, a huge long valley, that permitted travel and trade on the Silk Road. 1235 1235 . 10 Foreign Nationalities in China : South Korea, American and Japanese are the 3 top foreign nationalities. It wasn't until the beginning of the Southern Song era that scholars think that the population in the region first exceeded 100 million. 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If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. This saying means "in heaven there is paradise, on earth there is Su[zhou] and Hang[zhou]". Hangzhou Export Processing Zone approved. Hangzhou, for example, had a population of 391,000 households, compared to Rome's average population of about 35,000 households . Eventually, the Jin captured about 40 percent of the Northern Song Empire's territory. Chengdu - 21.19 million (up by 245,000) 2. The West Lake itself is a nice way to ground yourself in the history of the city with its beautiful views and scenic walks. This knowledge predates European discovery. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He set up the educational and administrative system not only for the Song Empire, but his educational and governmental policies set the precedent for the later dynasties. But most of their tall towers were built in the capital cities of Kaifeng and Hangzhou. It became immensely wealthy, being at the centre of a fertile rice-growing area as well as being the site of the most important silk industries in China. Suburbanization and the Changes of Urban Internal Spatial Structure in They essentially crippled their girls for life. United Nations population projections are also included through the year 2035. Population HUB - this is an accessible statistics of the population of the country, city and any other region. At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, the net result of the Jin disaster was that the Southern Song Dynasty retained about 60 percent of the territory, most of the population, and the wealthy southern trading cities. 1951 638,000 Like the Leaning Tower of Pisa, this tower leans slightly. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. The Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty or the Mongol invasion of China beginning under gedei Khan (r. 1229 - 1241) and completed under Kublai Khan (r. 1260-1294) was the final step for the Mongols to rule the whole of continental East Asia under the Yuan dynasty (a division of the Mongol Empire).It is considered the Mongol Empire's last great military achievement. A railway network connects Hangzhou to Shanghai and Ningbo, as well as to Xuanzhou in Anhui province (northwest) and Nanchang in Jiangxi province (southwest). The Ly Dynasty behaved as vassals, but the Song court thought that the country was weak enough to conquer. The permanent population of Hangzhou has reached 12.204 million with a birth rate of 7.6, a death rate of 4.7, an urbanization rate of 83.6%, and an average age of 38. Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E. On the 13 story Iron Pagoda for example, the eaves on the outside of the brick core were made by using suitably designed dougong ( dugng), a suitably loose joint system fitted for that particular structure, so that the building can ride out massive earthquakes with little or no damage. The metro area population of Hangzhou in 2021 was 7,846,000, a 2.67% increase from 2020. The Song had more land under cultivation than in the geographically much larger and more populous later Ming (13681644) and Qing (16441912) empires. 1972 - February: Richard Nixon visits city. Schedules, Train App A centre of commerce, it was visited in the late 13th century by the Venetian traveler Marco Polo, who called it Kinsai, or Quinsay; it then had an estimated population of 1 million to 1.5 million. Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368-1644, 1616-1911). A chemical industry has also been established. The best surviving example of monumental scale Song construction is the Iron Pagoda in Kaifeng. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. The combined armies of the Jurchens and the Song defeated the Liao Empire. The Song Empire enjoyed unprecedented economic growth. Zhejiang Official Secondary Normal School, Hangzhou Wahaha Nutritional Foods Factory, List of universities and colleges in Hangzhou, Major National Historical and Cultural Sites (Zhejiang), List of first batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou, List of second batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou, List of third batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou, List of fourth batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou, List of fifth batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou, Botanic Gardens Conservation International, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants", "From Popsicle Maker to Beverage Billionaire, China's Richest Man", "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants", "Hangzhou mayor Shao Zhanwei dies during NPC session", "Description of the Great City of Kinsay", The Authoritative Website of Hangzhou History and Culture | WWW.HICENTER.CN, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Hangzhou&oldid=1138536108, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from EB9, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Hangzhou Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone approved. highlights! Their wealth allowed them to enjoy arts and recreational activities. Since 1949 Hangzhou, though it has been carefully preserved as a scenic district and tourist attraction, has also developed into an industrial centre. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. document.write(oTime.getFullYear()); Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Or take a walk down Qinghefang Historic Street. Based on imperial census counts taken during the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC9 AD) and the Tang Dynasty (618907), it is thought that the population of both of the those empires was about 50 million or 60 million. Marco Polo described that the people in Hangzhou, the biggest city, ate surprisingly large quantities of fresh meat and fish. He is said to have discovered the concepts of true north and magnetic declination towards the North Pole. Shen Kuo (10311095) was one of the most important Song scientists.