In rare cases, e.g. If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. They seamlessly fit in-line within your test script. As well as being a great voice for video games, animation and films, I've now added MoCap training to my bow - and am currently in full Motion Capture training with the Mocap Vaults. Note that Karate has built-in support for CSV files and here is an example: dynamic-csv.feature. Else the Runner.path() builder API is the same, refer the description above for JUnit 4. The short cut $variableName form is also supported. If you have to set a bunch of deeply nested keys, you can move the parent path to the top, next to the set keyword and save a lot of typing ! """, * configure imageComparison = { onShowRebase, # custom JS function called in Karate HTML image comparison UI when the user clicks the `Show config` button, """ Some third-party report-server solutions integrate with Karate such as ReportPortal.io. One pattern you can adopt is to create a factory method that returns a Java function - where you can easily delegate to the logic you want. Step 1 - Create a Gradle project. This is typically combined with multipart file as shown below. To create a feature file, right click on the Project explorer, choose New >> File. And includes a set of Karate examples that test these services as well as demonstrate various Karate features and best-practices. This applies to JS functions as well: These heavily commented demo examples can help you understand shared scope better, and are designed to get you started with creating re-usable sign-in or authentication flows: Once you get comfortable with Karate, you can consider moving your authentication flow into a global one-time flow using karate.callSingle(), think of it as callonce on steroids. Use a variable in the called feature instead, for e.g. Syntax highlighting should work right away and if you don't see something similar like in the following screenshot, make sure you have selected karate as . A URL remains constant until you use the url keyword again, so this is a good place to set-up the non-changing parts of your REST URL-s. A URL can take expressions, so the approach below is legal. The first argument to karate.callSingle() is used as the cache key. a Click on Run the Workflow and Start. The recommended approach for Karate reporting in a Continuous Integration set-up is described in the next section which can generate the JUnit XML format that most CI tools can consume. You should take a minute to compare this with the exact same example implemented in REST-assured and TestNG. If you use commas (instead of concatenating strings using +), Karate will pretty-print variables, which is what you typically want when dealing with JSON or XML. You can easily get the value of the current environment or profile, and then set up global variables using some simple JavaScript. So you can refer to the response, responseStatus or even responseHeaders if needed. When JavaScript executes in Karate, the built-in karate object provides some commonly used utility functions. Note how even tags to exclude (or include) can be specified: Note that any Feature or Scenario with the special @ignore tag will be skipped by default. Just like yaml, you may occasionally need to convert a string which happens to be in CSV form into JSON, and this can be done via the csv keyword. Once you get a result, you typically use it to set global variables. Note that Karate works fine on OpenJDK. Windows: Ctrl+R+1. They use JSON to build the relevant parts of the HTTP request. If parsing fails, Karate will log a warning and the value of response will then be a plain string. For more complex functions you are better off using the multi-line doc-string approach. to save space and speed up report loading), * configure imageComparison = { hideUiOnSuccess, # ignore areas of an image (e.g. Another example is dogs.feature - which actually makes JDBC (database) calls, and since the data returned from the Java code is JSON, the last section of the test is able to use match very effectively for data assertions. For teams familiar with or currently using REST-assured, this detailed comparison of Karate vs REST-assured - can help you evaluate Karate. There are examples of calling JVM classes in the section on Java Interop and in the file-upload demo. To run only a single scenario, append the line number on which the scenario is defined, de-limited by :. Karate is an open-source API test automation tool. """, """ The retry keyword is designed to extend the existing method syntax (and should appear before a method step) like so: Any JavaScript expression that uses any variable in scope can be placed after the retry until part. Might be desirable instead of, useful to brute-force all keys and values in a JSON or XML payload to lower-case, useful in some cases, see, functional-style map operation useful to transform list-like objects (e.g. Custom header manipulation for every HTTP request is something that Karate makes very easy and pluggable. Here is a recap of symbols that can be used in JSON embedded expressions: There is a shortcut for match each explained in the next section that can be quite useful, especially for in-line schema-like validations. Requirement: Open a feature file in VSCode Editor and ensure a line associated with a test has cursor focus. function (config, downloadLatestFn) { In such cases, the function can do nothing or return an empty JSON. In such cases it might be desirable to have your tests using karate.logger.debug('your additional info') instead of the print keyword so you can keep logs in your pipeline in INFO. So you can do things like right-click and run a *.feature file (or scenario) without needing to use a JUnit runner. Note the extra convenience where you dont have to enclose the LHS key in quotes. Since it is internally implemented as a JavaScript function, you can mix calls to read() freely wherever JavaScript expressions are allowed: Tip: you can even use JS expressions to dynamically choose a file based on some condition: * def someConfig = read('my-config-' + someVariable + '.json'). var sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZ"); As a rule of thumb, prefer match over assert, because match failure messages are more detailed and descriptive. How to specify a single scenario with jar file? You can find a lot more references, tutorials and blog-posts in the wiki. See karate.callSingle(). You can also find a nice visual comparison and explanation here. This is a sample Spring Boot web-application that exposes some functionality as web-service end-points. Use the comma-delimited form (see above) or the JS helper (see below). Also note that multipart file takes a JSON argument so that you can easily set the filename and the contentType (mime-type) in one step. *.feature files and JavaScript functions. mvn test -Dkarate.options="classpath:myfeature.feature --name ^first$" And if you use IntelliJ - you can right click and do the above. And there is no more worrying about Maven profiles and whether the right *.properties file has been copied to the proper place. This approach can certainly enable product-owners or domain-experts who are not programmer-folk, to review, and even collaborate on test-scenarios and scripts. Variables set using def in the Background will be re-set before every Scenario. 30 Animations - 15 WALK STYLES - LONG AND LOOPED VERSIONS - 60 Total Animation Files. Since replace auto-converts the result to a string, make sure you perform type conversion back to JSON (or XML) if applicable. It so happens that the karate object has a field called properties which can read a Java system-property by name like this: karate.properties['myName']. } A callonce is ideally used for only pure JSON. Since the eval keyword can be omitted when operating on variables using JavaScript, this leads to very concise code: Refer to eval for more / advanced examples. } ##(subSchema) This is very useful to boil-down those common steps that you may have to perform at the start of multiple test-scripts - into one-liners. function fn(x){ return x + 1 }. But this does not limit you in any way, because similar to how you can call *.feature files, you can pass a whole JSON object as the argument. This is perfect for those cases where it really doesnt make sense - for example the Background section or when you use the def or set syntax. 1. cd C:\Users\Vibha\eclipse-workspace-test\demo. physics Comprehensive support for different flavors of HTTP calls: You can easily choose features and tags to run and compose test-suites in a very flexible manner. top: 483, By default, the file is expected to be in the same folder (package) and side-by-side with the *.feature file. This can be easily achieved with the following tweak to your maven section. To test a specific feature in karate I run: mvn test -Dkarate.options="classpath:myfeature.feature". While converting a number to a string is easy (just concatenate an empty string e.g. Karate is a great fit for testing GraphQL because of how easy it is to deal with dynamic and deeply nested JSON responses. Imperialism is the state policy, practice, or advocacy of extending power and dominion, especially by direct territorial acquisition or by gaining political and economic control of other areas, often through employing hard power (economic and military power), but also soft power (cultural and diplomatic power).While related to the concepts of colonialism and empire, imperialism is a distinct . var JavaDemo = Java.type('com.mycompany.JavaDemo'); JsonPath filter expressions are very useful for extracting elements that meet some filter criteria out of arrays. But note that you can use the negative form of a tag selector: ~@region=GB. Refer to this case study for how dramatic the reduction of lines of code can be. Some XPath expressions return a list of nodes (instead of a single node). When I switch environments (passing in -Dkarate.env=qual as part of the run command) then baseUrl is set correctly. Normally we recommend that you keep your re-usable features lightweight - by limiting them to just one Scenario. Instead, Karate gives you all you need as part of the syntax. For example: And if you need to suppress placeholder substitution for read(), but still need a JSON snippet, you can do this. Heres a reminder that running any single JUnit test via Maven can be done by: Where CatsRunner is the JUnit class name (in any package) you wish to run. # and even ignore fields at the same time ! You can re-use the function you create across your whole project. 'test1.feature', * def result = responseStatus == 404 ? With the formalities out of the way, lets dive straight into the syntax. var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); return sdf.parse(s).time; // '.getTime()' would also have worked instead of '.time' You can always use a JavaScript switch case within an eval or function block. You can organize multiple common utilities into a single re-usable feature file as follows e.g. Use the classpath: prefix to load from the classpath instead. For completeness, the built-in tags are the following: There are two special tags that allow you to select or un-select a Scenario depending on the value of karate.env. Calling any Java code is that easy. If a handler function (returning a boolean) is provided - it will be used to complete the listen wait if true is returned. This is so that you can mix expressions into text replacements as shown below. a JSON array). useful to scrape text out of non-JSON or non-XML text sources such as HTML, like the above, but returns a list of text-matches. Here are some examples: Refer to this file for a comprehensive set of XML examples: xml.feature. Note that this mode can be also triggered via the command-line by adding -D or --dryrun to the karate.options. And a very common need would be to use a file as the request body: The rarely used file: prefix is also supported. multipart file uploads can be tricky, and hard to get right. But there are cases where you need to take custom actions like saving a response to a file, file reading or writing, etc. An image comparison UI will also be embedded into the Karate HTML report with detailed information about any differences between the two images. Mac: Cmd+V. // trigger download of latest image with custom file name In the first feature file creating a Git Repo. 1. You can use karate.callSingle() directly in a *.feature file, but it logically fits better in the global bootstrap. There is also a variant of Scenario called Scenario Outline along with Examples, useful for data-driven tests. Note how we unpack the kittens and use it to data drive the Scenario Outline. Refer to this demo feature for an example: kitten-create.feature. The last row in the table is a little different from the rest, and this short-cut form is the recommended way to validate the length of a JSON array. A good example is when you have the expected data available as ready-made JSON but it is in a different shape from the actual data or HTTP response. A typical need would be to perform a sign in, or create a fresh user as a pre-requisite for the scenarios being tested. You can define the variables with the def keyword in the feature file directly. The Runner.Builder API has a dryRun() method to switch this on. In this video, I have explained how to run feature files using karate junit5 runner and from maven command line.Schedule a meeting in case of any queries/gui. we need to have our first feature file which will be called from the second feature file.Here I'm trying to explain using the Git Repo APIs. leagueName: '##string', The name of the class doesnt matter, and it will automatically run any *.feature file in the same package. Valid options are, Function to be called when displaying image comparison rebase in Karate HTML reports (e.g. This is best explained in this example that involves listening to an ActiveMQ / JMS queue. Although rarely needed, variable references or expressions are also supported: This is a shortcut to assert the HTTP response code. Here is an example of what is possible: Not something you would commonly use, but in some cases you need to disable Karates default behavior of attempting to parse anything that looks like JSON (or XML) when using multi-line / string expressions. In rare cases you may need to set a variable from this routine, and a good example is to make the generated UUID visible to the currently executing script or feature. For some more examples check test-outline-name-js.feature. @smoke @module=one @module=two etc. For a detailed discussion on BDD and how Karate relates to Cucumber, please refer to this blog-post: Yes, Karate is not true BDD. The JS API has a karate.signal(result) method that is useful for involving asynchronous flows into a test. With the above in place, you dont have to keep switching between your src/test/java and src/test/resources folders, you can have all your test-code and artifacts under src/test/java and everything will work as expected. If you find yourself juggling multiple tags with logical AND and OR complexity, refer to this Stack Overflow answer. Embedded expressions also make more sense in validation and schema-like short-cut situations. Step 2: Add feature and scenario description. Also look at the demo examples, especially dynamic-params.feature - to compare the above approach with how the Cucumber Scenario Outline: can be alternatively used for data-driven tests. The above code reads a template which is in location com/example/templates/idm/idm-create-user-template.json and stores it as a JSON variable called myReq Then we can send the JSON variable to the other feature file using the call method. Observe the usage of Scenario Outline: instead of Scenario:, and the new Examples: section. return jd.doWork(arg); While $ always refers to the JSON root, note the use of _$ above to represent the current node of a match each iteration. This is a core feature and does not depend on JUnit, Maven or Gradle. Each array element is expected to be a JSON object, and for each object - the behavior will be as described above. You can imagine how you could evolve a nice set of utilities that validate all your domain objects. 'put', # if you have dynamic keys you can do this, # enable ssl (and no certificate is required), # enable ssl and force the algorithm to TLSv1.2, # time-out if the response is not received within 10 seconds (after the connection is established), # set the uri of the http proxy server to use, https://user:password@zalenium.net/wd/hub, # if this was in karate-config.js, it would apply "globally", # enable X509 certificate authentication with PKCS12 file 'certstore.pfx' and password 'certpassword', # trust all server certificates, in the feature file, // trust all server certificates, global configuration in 'karate-config.js', # add new keys. This is useful when you want to express a one-off lengthy snippet of text in-line, without having to split it out into a separate file. In some rare cases, for e.g. """, # in this case the solitary 'call' argument is of type string. The following are some features of the Karate Testing Framework: Makes use of easy-to-understand Gherkins language. The following parameters are supported: For end-to-end examples in the Karate demos, look at the files in this folder. Requirement: Open a feature file in VSCode Editor and ensure editor has focus. Once defined, you can refer to a variable by name. In some rare cases you need to exit a Scenario based on some condition. This is best explained in this example: copy.feature. It is worth repeating that in most cases you wont need to set the Content-Type header as Karate will automatically do the right thing depending on the data-type of the request. Paste the raw json in it and Save it. One of these is the use of a Gherkin file, which describes the tested feature. And Karate gives you control over these aspects with the small set of keywords focused on HTTP such as url, path, param, etc. Here is a sample logback-test.xml for you to get started. This is actually the intent most of the time and is convenient. If you get stuck and ask a question on Stack Overflow, make sure you provide a cURL command that works - or else it would be very difficult for anyone to troubleshoot what you could be doing wrong. 5 Herea table of the alternative in-line forms compared with the standard form. an initial 'sign-in' that retrieves some secure tokens, every subsequent. You have to repeat the Examples section for each tag. If you face issues such as class not found, just pull in the karate-core dependency, and use the all classifier in your pom.xml (or build.gradle). The default is 30000 (30 seconds). #24: You can execute the scenario defined in @GetValue alone in the current file (=get.feature),. the NOT operator e.g. Mac: Cmd+R+1. Karate was based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards. If you mix Karate into a Maven or Gradle project with many other dependendies, you may run into problems because of dependency conflicts. It also details how a third-party library can be easily used to generate some very nice-looking reports, from the JSON output of the parallel runner. . The syntax is similar to def but instead of a named variable, you update configuration. The Hello World is a great example of REST-ful use of the url when the test focuses on a single REST resource. Refer to the cats-java.feature demo for an example. 3 Day Blinds is the leading manufacturer and retailer . Instantiating a Java class and using this in a test is easy (see example): Since karate-config.js is processed for every Scenario, you can use a singleton instead of calling new every time. Any Karate expression can be used in the cell expression, and you can even use Java-interop to use external data-sources such as a database. You could always do this in two steps: As a convenience, embedded expressions are supported on the Right Hand Side of a match statement even for quoted string literals: And do note that in Karate 1.0 onwards, ES6 string-interpolation within backticks is supported: An alternative to embedded expressions (for JSON only) is to enclose the entire payload within parentheses - which tells Karate to evaluate it as pure JavaScript. return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the JSON value, also see: return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the XML value, also see: get the value of any Java system-property by name, useful for, returns a JSON array of integers (inclusive), the optional third argument must be a positive integer and defaults to 1, and if start < end the order of values is reversed, very rarely used - when needing to perform conditional removal of JSON keys or XML nodes. 1234 Note that the parser is lenient so that you dont have to enclose all keys in double-quotes. myInt + ''), in some rare cases, you may need to convert a string to a number. But there is an elegant way you can specify a default value using the karate.get() API: A word of caution: we recommend that you should not over-use Karates capability of being able to re-use features. And this example may make it clear why using Karate itself to drive even your UI-tests may be a good idea. And thats all there is to Karate configuration ! Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Here is an example: binary.feature. Here below is an example that also demonstrates using the multipart/related content-type. Both the official Visual Studio Code and IntelliJ plugins support step-through debugging of Karate tests. You can actually refer to any JsonPath on the document via $ and perform cross-field or conditional validations ! And if you have a Scenario Outline, this happens for every row in the Examples. The Karate Demo has a working example of the recommended parallel-runner set up. The examples above are simple, but a variety of expression shapes are supported on the right hand side of the = symbol. It short-cuts to the pre-defined variable responseHeaders and reduces some complexity - because strictly, HTTP headers are a multi-valued map or a map of lists - the Java-speak equivalent being Map>. Here is an example of using the call keyword to invoke another feature file, loaded using the read function: If you find this hard to understand at first, try looking at this set of examples. In typical frameworks it could mean changing multiple properties files, maven profiles and placeholders, and maybe even threading the value via a dependency-injection framework - before you can even access the value within your test. If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5 . And if you do this within a Background: section, it would apply to all Scenario: sections within the *.feature file. The get keyword allows you to save the results of a JsonPath expression for later use - which is especially useful for dynamic data-driven testing. All tests are defined in *.feature files; For every feature file package, you need to have an empty test-class in the same package under src/test/java; Karate recommends to keep the *.feature files in the same folder as the test-class; The <build> section of the pom.xml needs a small tweak for this .. (Similar change needed in build.gradle file) In most cases you wont need to set the Content-Type header as Karate will automatically do the right thing depending on the data-type of the request. Just write tests in a simple, readable syntax - carefully designed for HTTP, JSON, GraphQL and XML. It is the opinion of the author of Karate that true BDD is un-necessary over-kill for API testing, and this is explained more in this answer on Stack Overflow. object.name. "b": 2, Internally, Karate will auto-convert JSON (and even XML) to Java Map objects. Feature: We use it to identify the feature file and give it a small title or a one line definition. Run All Karate Tests. { For this, Cucumber has already provided a way to organize your scenario execution by using tags in feature file. It can be easily inspected or used in expressions. Now, since this Karate Framework is using the Runner file, which also is needed in Cucumber to run the feature files, so most of the writing will follow the Cucumber standards. Like above, but force the SSL algorithm to one of, Whether the HTTP client automatically follows redirects - (default, Set the connect timeout (milliseconds). And if being called in a loop, a built-in variable called __loop will also be available that will hold the value of the current loop index. Also note that ; charset=UTF-8 would be appended to the Content-Type header that Karate sends by default, and in some rare cases, you may need to suppress this behavior completely. This is a normal JUnit 4 test class ! If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5. If you want to use JUnit 4, use karate-junit4 instead of karate-junit5. The problem is, I want to use other config values as shown here but when I run the test, it fails to access config.ApiKey correctly. After you define the URL, you need to define a path to send a request. But when you deal with complex, nested JSON (or XML) - it may be easier in some cases to use replace, especially when you want to substitute multiple placeholders with one value, and when you dont need array manipulation. You end up with a decent approximation of BDD even though web-services by nature are headless, without a UI, and not really human-friendly. Because of the last rule above, note that string-concatenation may not work quite the way you expect: Observe how you can achieve string concatenation if you really want, because any valid JavaScript expression can be stuffed within an embedded expression.