esterification of benzoic acid mechanism

pE/$PL$"K&P This is an important laboratory method for the synthesis of esters, which are widely used as flavorings, fragrances, rubber, and plastics. Draw the Claisen product formed from the given ester. Draw the organic product formed in the below reaction. Mechanism of acid-catalyzed Fischer esterification The mechanism of Fischer esterification is similar to acid-catalyzed reactions. for 5 more minutes, Grab a 50ml round-bottom flask and - Maurice Jan 21, 2020 at 21:52 Esterification of BenzocaineBy: Nick Makowski and Monica Schaeffer Purpose:To practice the techniques of refluxing and vacuum filtration to perform an esterification reaction to create benzocaine from p-aminobenzoic acid Chemical Structures/Reactions/Mechanisms: Results: Physical Appearances- 2 - Mich 2020 (Intro Comp Policy), Instructions for Reading Week - Comp Policy, Trinity College Dublin University of Dublin, Introduction to Operations Management (BU2560), Foundations of Medicine 1 - Introductory Human Biology (FM1010), Neurology in Health & Disease (MDSA30220), Political Economy & Social Justice (SSJ20150), Qualitative Methods for Sociological Research (SO4037), International Financial Reporting II (AY325), Fungal and Bacterial Secondary Metabolism (Bi441), International Arbitrage & Interest Rate Parity, Free Movement of Goods (Art.34 TFEU) Sample Essay, Const Site Management - Lecture notes 1-12, Lab 10 & 11 - Parallel RLC Band Pass Filter, EOC Q&A L2 - Sample questions and answers related to week 2 material, FM exam 2021 - facilities management exam questions and answers, 2. Draw t. Draw the organic products for the following chemical reactions. The Fischer exterification technique is utilized in the academic and industrial settings due to the simplified synthesis and safety parameters of the overall reaction. Can anyone show me how to draw this? 0000001236 00000 n How can we increase the yield of the product? We will see why this happens when discussing the mechanism of each hydrolysis. Legal. 'YFNFge-e6av jI 3. Synthesizing Methyl Benzoate from Benzoic Acid, An Art Critique on Tennis Court by Ellsworth Kelly (1949), #ART 1021 (Introduction to Art History & Appreciation II), Oxygenation and Hydrochlorination of Vaskas Complex Ir(Cl)[P(C6H5)3]2(CO), The Mental, Physical, and Social Implications of Self Enhancement, Synthesis, Determination, and Catalytic Measurement of Ruthenium Indenylidene Complexes used in Olefin Metathesis, Synthesis and Determination of [1,3,5-C6H3(CH3)3]Mo(CO)3, Synthesis and Determination of Polypyrazolylborates, Ring-Opening Metathesis PowerPoint Presentation, Double Group Transfer Reactions of an Unsaturated Tantalum Methylidene Complex with Pyridine N-Oxides. This is known as a "Fischer esterification," the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. 0000003924 00000 n Pass dry hydrogen chloride through the alcohol until saturated; the increase in weight is about 20 g; remove the gas inlet tube . We have developed Eudragit S-100 (ES) coated folic acid (FA) conjugated gliadin (Gd) delivery . Q: A 1.20 L weather balloon on the ground has a temperature of 25.0 C and is at atmospheric pressure. Typical procedure for the esterification with DMC A flask (10 mL volume) was filled with benzoic acid (366 mg, 3.0 mmol), DMC (540 mg, 6.0 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (41 mg, 0.3 mmol), and TBACl (205 mg, 0.9 mmol). 0000010846 00000 n 0000010044 00000 n Vibration analysis was carried out to confirm TS structures and imaginary frequencies. Use between 1 and 2 g of it! The methyl benzoate can be synthesized by esterification of benzoic acid with methanol using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. And this is when the base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis turns to be more beneficial. Benzoic Acid with Cl_2, FeCl_3. Ester conversions of 65 to 70% were achieved for all the catalysts under the best reaction conditions. Moles of methanol= 19.8g/32.04g/mol=0 mol The percent recovery of methyl benzoate for the experiment was 62.69%. soln into round-botttom flask, Wash drying agent with 3 to 5 ml of t- methyl ether, Add the t-butyl methyl ether to Procedure. Assume the reaction has been terminated and neutralized. Draw out the major organic product formed in the following reaction. Draw the reaction of bromobenzene with magnesium metal. benzoate. A lone pair of ethanol attacks the partially positive Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Theory. Early methods called for heating the carboxylic acid in an alcoholic solvent under acid catalysis. Feb 17, 2008 1 download | skip . Write an esterification reaction between sorbic acid and methanol. Cross), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Give Me Liberty! Draw structures of the reactants or products of the following Fischer Esterification reactions. add 2-3g of anhydrous calcium Createyouraccount. hb```g``nf`e` ,@QVADeE*00et 9 ``HK XDQ:L,;X>(MpOwp``E Voiceover: One way to make an ester is to use a Fischer esterification reaction. Draw the major organic product formed in the following reaction. Fischer Esterification: Fischer esterification is a synthetic reaction used in the formation of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols. Draw a detailed mechanism for the aldol condensation reaction of Benzaldehyde and 4' methoxyacetophenone in KOH and 95 percentage ethanol. As a specific example of an esterification reaction, butyl acetate can be made from acetic acid and 1-butanol. The two keywords are mainly applied in the calculation process to be opt and freq. Draw the structures of the reactants or products of the following Fischer Esterification reactions. This is a Premium document. CaCl 2 Predict and draw the products of the reaction methyllithium with ethanol. }^%b4R`6X` H4M endstream endobj 24 0 obj <>stream Draw the major organic product of the following reaction. product while shaking and releasing pressure during separation. Draw the organic product of the reaction of 1-butene with H2O, H2SO4. If the reaction produces a racemic mixture, draw both stereoisomers. Show stereochemistry where appropriate. methyl benzoate is high, 199C. Draw the organic product of the following reaction. actual yield: 2, Percent yield: (Actual/ theoretical) x 100= (2.07g/11)100=18%. and transfer to a Organic Chemistry Study Materials, Practice Problems, Summary Sheet Guides, Multiple-Choice Quizzes. 0000005182 00000 n 0000003888 00000 n This was proved by the isotope labeling experiment where methanol has an oxygen isotope (O18) treated with benzoic acid. Further, water must be removed as it is produced to shift the equilibrium towards ester formation, to increase the yield. the smell is very strong, After pouring residue into jar it turned 1 mol of benzoic acid was used in this reaction and 1 mol of methanol. 0000008133 00000 n Draw structure of the major organic product of the reaction of cyclohexanol with CH_3CH_2S^-. Some esters can be prepared by esterification, a reaction in which a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, heated in the presence of a mineral acid catalyst, form an ester and water: The reaction is reversible. In the chemical structure of carboxylic acid, R-COOR', where R and R' are either alkyl or aryl groups. 11. remove the unreactive benzoic acid. 0000006717 00000 n A: Click to see the answer. Draw the structure of the major organic product formed in the reaction. The methyl esterification of benzoic acid was investigated, where the effects of temperature, alcohol:acid molar ratio and amount of catalyst were evaluated. Abstract A biotechnological route via enzymatic esterification was proposed as an alternative way to synthesize the problematic anti-oxidant eugenyl benzoate. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Using the "rule of six", predict the solubilities in water of benzoic acid, methanol, and methyl benzoate. And it quickly reacts with the OH or OR strong bases transforming into a carboxylate ion which is less electrophilic than carboxylic acids and cannot be attacked by the RO alkoxide anymore. All rights reserved. This nature of the reaction allows to hydrolyze esters back into a carboxylic acid and . Some esters can be prepared by esterification, a reaction in which a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, heated in the presence of a mineral acid catalyst, form an ester and water: The reaction is reversible. Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to convert benzoic acid to methyl benzoate via an acid catalyzed reaction with methanol. 0000008969 00000 n added to the water it began turning Step 3: Fischer Esterification of 3-Nitrobenzoic Acid to Produce Methyl 3-Nitrobenzoate Overall Reaction: 2 As in the previous step, the amounts of reagents used for this procedure will depend on the mass of 3-nitrobenzoic acid that you use in the reaction. Strong inorganic base or acid, such as KOH (26)orH 2SO 4 (33), was also able to catalyze the esterification with DMC. At the carbonyl carbon, esters react with nucleophiles. Predict the product of the reaction of p-methyl benzoic acid with each of the following: CH_3MgBr in ether, then H_3O^+. (If no reaction occurs, draw the starting material.) Draw the mechanism for the following organic reaction. 0000015725 00000 n The Second-Most Important Mechanism Of The Carbonyl Group. Understand the esterification definition and ester general formula, and also see the example of the esterification reaction of fatty acids. The experimental procedure was followed pretty much as written. Draw the product you would obtain from the acid-catalyzed reaction of \beta-D-galactopyranose with ethanol. Lower yields in the case of ortho-substituted aromatic carboxylic acids (entries 1, 4 and 8) can be attributed to intramolecular hydrogen bonding. 0 Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The mechanisms of the Fisher esterification reaction is an equilibrium process that takes place over a few hours of refluxing. %%EOF Elimination (1,2-elimination) is an extremely important reaction mechanism of the carbonyl (C=O) group, which is present in such functional groups as aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives. My main interests at this time include reading, walking, and learning how to do everything faster. %PDF-1.6 % The complete mechanism showing all intermediates and arrows to demonstrate electron movement. First off, a small amount of the weighed benzoic acid did not make into the 100 mL round-bottomed flask. 20.21 (a) This synthesis requires the addition of one carbon. Synthetic arteries can be made from PET, polytetrafluoroethylene, and other polymers. Psst: If you find my website helpful or enjoyable, please join my newsletter and/or send me an emailI want to hear from you! MODELING OF THE ESTERIFICATION REACTOR In the modeling of a direct esterification reactor, we first assumed that polymerization reactions involved can be regarded as reactions Introduction Esterification is widely regarded as an essential transformation within organic and medicinal chemistry as the formation of ester functional groups is critical for the synthesis of many commercially available drugs and building blocks. typical yield for students is around 7g. 2.Fisher esterification reaction: acid-catalyzed reaction of carboxylic acids with 1 or 2 alcohols to give esters Reagents: ROH (usually solvent), HCl (strong acid) C C O OH HOH . The most important polyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is made from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol monomers: Polyester molecules make excellent fibers and are used in many fabrics. Disclosure: As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. This reaction involves an initial protonation of the carboxyl group, an attack by a nucleophilic Continue Reading Check Writing Quality Good Essays To summarize, yes, the nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism predominates in ester hydrolysis, however, you should not exclude the possibility of SN2 and SN1 reactions depending on the structure of the ester. rgz9$?f Porphyrin Esterification and Ester Hydrolysis The Esterification of Benzoic Acid by Mercaptans . Abu Bakar Salleh works at Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research and is well known for Organic Solvent, Organic Solvents and Thermostable Lipase. a) The purpose of washing the organic layer with the sodium bicarbonate solution was to Draw the carboxylic acid and alcohol needed to synthesize the ester by Fischer esterification. was added it formed 4 different layers, 50ml of the aqueous layer were soluble Eye irritation, insoluble Flammable Draw the aldol reaction mechanism between 4-methylbenzaldehyde and acetophenone. Draw the product and a complete mechanism for its formation, for the Fischer esterification of benzoic acid. The mechanism for the reaction is quite complex. Solved 7 Esterification A Give The Mechanism Chegg The Mechanism of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Methyl April 10th, 2018 - The Mechanism of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Methyl 2 The . By using Le Chateliers principle, we can shift the equilibrium toward reactants or products. Fischer esterification is an acid-catalyzed condensation of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to form esters. decant the methyl benzoate into it. z@{[Qfp(Ukqxd45yIBU`!I)rW,XQRrf#M$N5S7ruK7> .T;kdViOD,xpsCF0#(x^gVEj0fZ[EDyNt'G|f }g Gd xc9XX}fh|A@S*F4ie1GP[%YyiSE+J.EbH:tHN3jJBsU7)W}J{0Is.`=fS5~ja|S?$ufYNA]eVD&t6PBIGbJh1N3$bo$c#^9)YKSc+;\vW% a. Butanol + NaOH/25^o C gives ? View Lab Report - Lab 8 - Fischer Esterification from CHM 2123 at University of Ottawa. Write the equation for the reaction. 0000005749 00000 n trailer <<5C1A0695A6EB4876B809F5465F0BE5CB>]/Prev 108627>> startxref 0 %%EOF 40 0 obj <>stream 1) Nucleophilic Attack by the Alcohol. Lets consider a specific example of an ester with methyl or primary alkyl derivative: Can this SN2 reaction be a suitable alternative to the addition-elimination mechanism we discussed above? After the protonation of the carbonyl, instead of the nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl, we have a loss of a leaving group by an SN1 mechanism: This C-O bond cleavage occurs because it produces a relatively stable tertiary alkyl group just like we have seen in the SN1 mechanism. -%2*2nTc` |!RtWQa{}>uk/aq3$qVjS9Pk9QEVb]il39yFk&64:qB4y1U^C*d Ester Hydrolysis: Acid and Base-Catalyzed Mechanism. In this step, a water molecule is removed which will result in protonated ester. You take the acid and the alcohol: And then you take out an H from the benzoic acid and the OH from the ethanol; these two byproducts become water: Then, you take the remaining O on the benzoic acid, and you bond it to the C on the ethanol: pdf, Chapter 01 - Fundamentals of Nursing 9th edition - test bank, Is sammy alive - in class assignment worth points, 1-1 Discussion Being Active in Your Development, Carbon Cycle Simulation and Exploration Virtual Gizmos - 3208158, QSO 321 1-3: Triple Bottom Line Industry Comparison, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1, After 45 min the benzoic acid melted 1. form an ester. Lets start with the mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters. Azeotropes can be distilled using a Dean-Stark trap. When magnetically coated, Mylar tape is used in audio- and videocassettes. trailer Mechanism of the base-promoted hydrolysis (Figure 21.9) ROH C O carboxylic acid ROCH3 C O a) NaOH, H2O b) H3O+ ester. Draw the major product of the hydroboration reaction of this alkene. of the round-bottom flask, Set up a reflux condenser and add a Ask me anything over Zoom whenever I am online! 4) Protonation of the carboxylate. 0000012719 00000 n xb```f````c`ef`@ ;FE F7&&u'9UP_@XS`zB9jvYKx7{X0HmRz|%zXeWELa47t*rMK88o]#J2AD3HZsw5:f&2yk}e"vmuzMR^wY$ acid. top layer looks cloudy, After pouring organic layer into RBF, 0000001060 00000 n oi|oe%KcwX4 n! ;}-8.v9'Eef6f 00BZ!gWeT}jaQ)~tdE,5jEC 192 0 obj<>stream Draw the major organic product formed when the benzoic acid undergoes a reaction with HNO_3 and H_2SO_4. r&L6UJAMqoyp :"ek@ V$xt6,pi0x.kYl,^OX&mHtTXgf! Then, it was connected to a condenser and placed in an oil-bath that was preheated at 170C. Esterification. Lab #8 Fischer Esterification Monday November 24th, 2014 TA: Kelvin Tsao Introduction: Esters are commonly Fischer esterification of benzoic acid-1 - Fischer esterification of benzoic acid Purpose: The goal - Studocu Fischer esterification of benzoic acid lab report fischer esterification of benzoic acid purpose: the goal of this experiment is to use reaction called fischer Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home The new method overcomes the well-known drawbacks of the chemical route in favor of a more sustainable reaction process. sodium bicarbonate soln, wash the Due to the high importance of thioesters, considerable work has been devoted to their synthesis. Another reason could be loss of To identify and describe the substances from which most esters are prepared. The purity of the benzoate will then be determined using infrared spectroscopy. H)B;+_?btR')Cst4 E\`DL7R?Z*I]9QN++C0ssSu u$j=p}y@kQLv?mF~or9{EMQ&g7ZD]Ut Tgx.,o8$:)M+ 4hQ`W? v8#x rO@.OU&d^uAZ w:hTyPsg6ImbYq^3ULNd. Draw the organic product of the following reaction: Draw the organic product of the following Wittig reaction. Theoretical yield: 11 !^\c5}]Fy!H- The esterification of carboxylic acids has been the subject of numerous accounts throughout the years owing to the fundamental importance of this synthetic transformation. Some sources of error for this difference could have been one mole of benzoic acid is added and one mole of the methanol is added after. please draw the reaction mechanisms: 2-chloro-2-methylpropane + AgNO3 in ethanol Bromocyclohexane + AgNO3 in ethanol. Draw the product of the following reaction between a ketone and an alcohol. 0000006684 00000 n v`g sh'[m e H0S4"}A49d9U2R2XhL2"%2 ak>-sRHn1FsIJC*)3(ur~+A)71^EtTw!ym('dCrI We take an ester containing 18O isotope in the alkoxy part and react it with a hydroxide. Esterification is the chemical reaction that results from the reaction of alcohol (ROH) and an organic acid (RCOOH) to produce an ester (RCOOR) and water. Draw the major product formed in the following reaction of an epoxide with methoxide in methanol. 0000002210 00000 n 0000004248 00000 n chloride, 10 minutes later decant the dried ether 190 0 obj<> endobj Draw the organic products of the following reaction: CH_3CH_2CH_2-C=C-H overset{NaOH/H_2O}{rightarrow}. separatory funnel, Pour the bicarbonate layer into an Draw the organic intermediate of this reaction. 0000013019 00000 n Draw the reaction between benzoic acid and NaOH and explain why it is necessary to use 3 M NaOH as the aqueous layer to better separate the benzoic acid. collected in Erlenmeyer flask, The distillate collected has some white 10 benzoic acid/122/mol = 0 mol This labeled oxygen atom was found in the ester. Draw the products of benzoic acid reacting with sodium hydroxide. Draw the acetyl product for 2-methyl-butanal reacting with 2 moles of ethanol in the presence of an acid. 0000050812 00000 n Hydrogenation of benzoic acid using mono- and bimetallic catalyst of Ru, Pd, Co, and Re yielded different products. HWn8+RHJen1E;QM"$]%)JQh> ?4@9)/P''`V/`wp-:3R#\l@g k 0000057501 00000 n The method is equally convenient for esterification of a dicarboxylic acid 4, its anhydride, and chloro, iodo and nitro substituted aromatic carboxylic acids. So, does the ethoxide attack the carbonyl carbon or the CH2 of the ethyl group? A. Potassium Permanganate is a powerful oxidizer and can oxidize Toluene to Benzoic Acid. Draw the mechanism for the Fischer esterification of benzoic acid to methyl benzoate using methanol and catalytic acid. It is also formed into films called Mylar. This means the actual starting amount was slightly lower than measured. left on the funnel, After adding the 25ml NaOH & Add to it 0.62 mol of methanol in a 100 mL round-bottomed flask. 0000011487 00000 n toxicity, Short Selva and Tundo explored the reaction of DMC with mercaptobenzoic acids and carboxylic acids bearing OH substituents in the presence . Azeotropic distillation is the process of separation of liquids mixture on the basis of volatilities. 1,935C 2) Deprotonation by pyridine. This experiment was conducted to synthesize methyl benzoate form benzoic acid and methanol by using the Fischer esterification method. (Methyl Benzoate + Water) - YouTube A carboxylic acid (like benzoic acid) and an alcohol (like methanol) will form an equilibrium with an ester (in this case, methyl benzoate) and water.. View the full answer Step 2/4 Step 3/4 Step 4/4 Final answer Transcribed image text: obtained, After second time an oily mixture was copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. The most common example of acid catalyst fisher esterification is as follows: The mechanism of Fischer esterification is similar to acid-catalyzed reactions. Follow the general scheme in Study Problem 20.2, text p. 975. 3) Leaving group removal. Draw the product formed from a Claisen reaction with: EtO_2CC(CH_3)_2 CH_2CH_2CH_2CO_2Et \ using \ ^-OEt, \ EtOH. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Mechanism. The reaction mixture of benzoin, prepared by the method described on p. 94, is permitted to stand until the next day, when it is filtered, washed with water but is not dried or purified. The purpose of this experiment is to convert benzoic acid to methyl benzoate via an acid catalyzed reaction with methanol. Esterification Limits of Benzoic and Toluic Acids with Lower Alcohols Rate and Equilibrium of Esterification of 2-butanol and 2-propanol by Sulfuric Acid The Application of Victor Meyer's Esterification Law to Neighboring-xylic Acid and Its Reduced :}eh@e`\V7@ s endstream endobj 15 0 obj <> endobj 16 0 obj <> endobj 17 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 18 0 obj <> endobj 19 0 obj <> endobj 20 0 obj <> endobj 21 0 obj <> endobj 22 0 obj <>stream 0000010198 00000 n &.K{)Uxq6{pK,>A80V{xqb$l1[y-c99tdDIJJ>y>Y E IU0'X6E7ewWwPC^n`p7COV0zXc}`)D9cCi37APNOG-H)BNbX\,$evu^h>?n5J++[WV[kO77;5)%]d ;+ 0000012873 00000 n looks clear, As the cooled reaction mixture was Draw the organic product of the following nucleophilic substitution reaction. The reaction will be prepared by Fischer esterification, which involves the reaction reaching equilibrium after refluxing for a few hours. 0000012411 00000 n Draw the organic product(s) formed in the given reaction. That is the reason, dried primary alcohols are preferably used in Fischer esterification. Draw the acetal produced when ethanol adds to ethanal. 0000007109 00000 n My stating material was 10 of benzoic acid and at the end I had 2 of methyl Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library, Esterification: Definition, Process & Reactions, Draw the ester formed by the reaction of heptanoic acid and ethanol. butyl methyl ether and decant again, Perform a simple distillation to What is meant by azeotropic distillation? identify conversion of acid end groups, degree of polymerization and the concentration of by-products rates according to the change of operating conditions. Since this reaction is reversible, several strategies. 0000011641 00000 n Considering approaches described for, e.g., cyanomethyl thioesters (Scheme 1B), esterification of thiols is the most common strategy, with classical methods relying on the activation of carboxylic acids (via acid chlorides or anhydrides ). It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. Preparation of Methyl Benzoate. Also, while separating the layers, there was some emulsion during mixing, so again eventual product may have been lost because the layers did not completely separate. If a solution of methyl alcohol and benzoic acid containing a small amount of sulfuric acid is headed under reflux for about an hour the ester methyl benzoate is formed. Hydrolysis of Esters: Mechanism and Conditions, Physical and Chemical Properties of Water, Transesterification: Mechanism and Applications, Mechanism of acid-catalyzed Fischer esterification, Electron Configuration: The Key to Chemical Reactivity, Braggs Law [n = 2d sin]: A Relationship Between (d & ), Memorizing the Periodic Table: 3 Easy & Proven Ways, Neutralization Reactions: The Acid Base Balancing. reactants was chosen because from the mechanism we can see that in the starting material 0000010510 00000 n the water layer, With 25ml of water and 25ml of The purpose of this lab is to synthesize benzocaine, an ester, from p-aminobenzoic acid, a carboxylic acid, by Fischer Esterification.

esterification of benzoic acid mechanism 2023